The man nicknamed “the father of creativity” was psychologist E. Paul Torrance. In the 1940s he began researching creativity order to improve American education. In order to encourage creativity, we needed to define it — to measure and analyze. We measured intelligence with an IQ score; why not measure creativity?
Torrance drew on contemporary research that related creativity to divergent thinking — the characteristic of coming up with more answers, or more original answers, rather than deriving a single best answer. That divergent-thinking trait might exhibit itself in different situations, so that, in Torrance’s view, the creativity shown by an artist was not different in type than the creativity shown by a scientist, a teacher, or a parent. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking were the work of Paul Torrance’s lifetime. They are still widely used to assess students and job applicants, and have been translated into more than 50 languages.
But there’s a problem. “I’m not sure I have a definition of creativity,” says James Borland. And Borland should know; he’s a professor of education at Teachers College, Columbia University. “It’s one of those human constructions that isn’t discovered but invented ... It’s a word we use in everyday speech and it makes perfect sense, but when you start to study it and try to separate out its constituent parts, it becomes more and more and more confusing. Nobody agrees on what it is.” How can we measure something if we can’t agree on what it is?
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Kerrie Hillman





Comments [5]
There's a problem. Borland is an esteemed professor of education at Teacher's College, but he is not a scholar of creativity. If you wanted to find a dissenting voice, you could have found some among creativity researchers. This is just strange.
Thanks so much for sharing the work and leadership of E. Paul Torrance in the study and application of creativity! He was (and continues to be, posthumously) one of the most important instigators of the formal study and understanding of creativity, creative thinking and creative education. I am fortunate to fall in a long line of students of Torrance, as my mentor Dr. Berenice Bleedorn, was a student of Torrance's at the University of Minnesota in the 1960s, and she introduced me to the field in the 1990s. We still have a long way to go to fully implement the insights of Paul Torrance -- but this is challenge worthy of our time and attention if we care about quality education and engaged citizens.
Steve Dahlberg
International Centre for Creativity and Imagination
Chemists have productively used the modern atomic concept since the early 1800s, long before physicists were convinced of their existence. Yet, unless it was all alone in space, there wasn't a definitive definition of an atom until the late 20th century. Some still think it eludes us. My point is that we don't need a definition of creativity to use the concept, even creatively. ;-)
what would be the reason to quantify creativity? the scale would be completely arbitrary and no one beyond the creators would know or care. this sounds like an exercise in ego.
Aderall, Ritalin & concerta are mind "enhancing" drugs currently being used, abused & shared by 10's of millions of high school, & college students, Wall Street workers & their parents, cousins & friends.
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